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E 331Antioxidants & Acidity Regulators

Sodium citrates

Characteristics

Additive NameSodium citrates
E No.E 331
TypeIndividual Substance
In plain language

A salt of citric acid used as an acidity regulator, emulsifying salt, and preservative across dozens of food categories — from dairy and jams to canned vegetables and seafood. It helps stabilise texture, control pH, and extend shelf life. Derived from citric acid, which occurs naturally in citrus fruits, though the additive itself is synthetically produced via fermentation. Widely considered safe by EFSA and FDA, with no significant health concerns at typical dietary levels.

Conditions of Use

This additive is authorised to be used in the following 22 food categories:

4.2.5jam jellies and marmalades and similar products
Quantum satis (no max)
1.1unflavoured pasteurised and sterilised (including UHT) milk
Maximum Level = 4000 mg/L
only UHT goat milk
1.5dehydrated milk as defined by directive 2001/114/ec
Quantum satis (no max)
4.1.3frozen fruit and vegetables
Quantum satis (no max)
4.2.3canned or bottled fruit and vegetables
Quantum satis (no max)
4.2.4.2compote excluding products covered by category 16
Quantum satis (no max)
4.2.5.1Extra jam and extra jelly as defined by Directive 2001/113/EC
Quantum satis (no max)
4.2.5.3other similar fruit or vegetable spreads
Quantum satis (no max)
9.1.1Unprocessed fish
Quantum satis (no max)
9.1.2Unprocessed molluscs and crustaceans
Quantum satis (no max)
11.4.1table-top sweeteners in liquid form
Quantum satis (no max)
11.4.2table-top sweeteners in powder form
Quantum satis (no max)
11.4.3table-top sweeteners in tablets
Quantum satis (no max)
2.1fats and oils essentially free from water (excluding anhydrous milk fat)
Quantum satis (no max)
except virgin oils and olive oils
4.1.2peeled cut and shredded fruit and vegetables
Quantum satis (no max)
only prepacked refrigerated unprocessed fruit and vegetables ready for consumption and prepacked unprocessed and peeled potatoes
13.1.1infant formulae as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013
Maximum Level = 2000 mg/kg
Footnote 43: E 331 and E 332 are authorised individually or in combination and in conformity with the the limits set in Directives 2006/141/EC, 2006/125/EC, 1999/21/EC
13.1.2follow-on formulae as defined by by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013
Maximum Level = 2000 mg/kg
Footnote 43: E 331 and E 332 are authorised individually or in combination and in conformity with the the limits set in Directives 2006/141/EC, 2006/125/EC, 1999/21/EC
13.1.3Processed cereal-based foods and baby foods as defined by Regulation (EU) No 609/2013
Quantum satis (no max)
only processed cereal based foods and baby foods, only for pH adjustment
8.2Meat preparations as defined by Regulation (EC) No 853/2004
Quantum satis (no max)
only gehakt, prepacked preparations of fresh minced meat and meat preparations to which other ingredients than additives or salt have been added
13.1foods for infants and young children
For uses in nutrient preparations under the condition that the maximum level in foods mentioned in Part E, points 01.10 and 13.1, of Annex II is not exceeded and the conditions of use specified therein are respected
1.9Edible caseinates
Quantum satis (no max)
1.10Milk-based drinks and similar products intended for young children*
Maximum Level = 2000 mg/L

Source

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